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Time is such an enigmatic concept in a story.A lifetime could last only a paragraph, and a week an entire book!A timeline is every writer’s mind map.How we use a timeline helps us make sense of both time (in the story) and the story itself. In this article, we\'ll define the term story timeline, and provide our best tips to help you create timelines that serve your story well. What Is A Story Timeline? A story timeline is essentially the arrangement of important events that occur in a story.Every story has a beginning, middle, and end, but they don’t necessarily need to be told in that order.We can choose the sequence of significant events that best grips the reader. The arrangement of a timeline essentially occurs in three steps. Beats, stories, and plots.A beat is a single event, as yet unconnected to the other events in the book.A story is a collection of multiple beats presented in order.A plot is the context that conveys why the beats belong together in the story, sequentially, if not chronologically.  How To Structure Your Story Timeline Structuring your story timeline essentially gives you a sequential framework. There are four types of story timeline – linear, fractured, framed and real-time.   Linear Story Timeline When story events are presented in the order they occur in, they create a linear story timeline. The story can contain a few flashbacks to provide some backstory, but the primary narrative is chronological.The Harry Potter series by J K Rowling works with such a linear story timeline, with a few flashbacks that act as supporting information to the main story.  Fractured Story Timeline When a non-linear timeline story is told with frequent back and forth between the past, present and/or future, it’s called a fractured timeline story. The beats of the story are not in the sequence they occur in.Think the movie Memento. The ending of the movie is presented in colour at the beginning of the film, and the beginning of the movie is presented in black and white towards the ending of the film, with the complete story merging in the middle to make sense. This fractured story timeline helps the audience experience the protagonist, Leonard’s, memory loss. Framed Story Timeline When a story has one major flashback, with the narrator walking others through it, it’s called a framed story timeline. It’s a story within a story.Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights is a classic example of such a narrative with the he-said-she-said nature of it adding to the gothic quality of the story arc.  Real-Time Story Timeline A linear story with no breaks in terms of flashbacks or flashforwards can still be compelling. In fact, a real-time story is exciting because time in the story moves exactly as it does for the reader.Take Scottish author Ian Rankin’s Inspector Rebus series, for instance. The characters in his novel age with the publication dates. Inspector Rebus, who is said to have been born in 1947, retires at 60 years of age in the 2007 novel Exit Music. How To Create Your Story Timeline Creating a story timeline can help keep your story free of plot holes and give you a sense of direction whilst writing.Here’s how you can create your story timeline: Age matters: Decide on the age of your characters and how old they’ll be when the story begins and ends. Knowing what portion of your character\'s life you want to include is key whether you\'re writing one novel, the first story in a series with separate timelines, or a multiple timeline narrative.Set it up: Zero in on a primary location for the beginning, middle and ending acts, unless, of course, it remains the same throughout. The setting of your story will induce the mood for both you and your readers.  Inciting event: Knowing at which point in the three-act structure you want the inciting event to take place will help determine the overarching narrative flow. Character’s goals: What is the goal of your main character(s) and why? This not only dictates each character arc, but also the plot’s narrative arcs.   Resolution: What is the event that your main characters are headed towards? The primary goal/obstacle is the whole point of your book, so deciding when and how to bring the resolution about is imperative. How To Write A Multiple Timeline Story When a story has two or more periods of time coming together, it’s called a multiple timeline story.Kate Morton’s The Clockmaker’s Daughter is a good example of a narrative with more than one timeline.  If you’d like to attempt a story with two timelines or more, here’s how you can do it: Decide on your primary timeline. It should ideally take precedence over the additional timelines you\'ve planned for. An 80/20, or at least a 70/30 split is a good idea. This will keep your reader focused on what’s important.  Be clear about the story for each timeline. Your reader shouldn’t greatly prefer one timeline over the other. This is even more important if you’re writing a 50/50 split multiple timeline story. Map out the beats of the different timelines separately and sequentially. This way, you won’t mess up or mix up plots, and you can then connect the dots between, and/or converge, your beats. When and how do you want the multiple timelines to converge? Knowing your transition point is crucial when crafting the story arcs for multiple timelines. Look for the beats and characters that have the maximum impact in your story; those are the ones that lend well to the transition point. Top Tips For Creating A Story Timeline Here are some top tips for creating your own story timeline:Knowing which type of story timeline is the right one for you is crucial. The type of plot/overall narrative arc you’re aiming for will help you decide this. Make sure you have your three-act plot structure ready. This will help you flesh out your story.  If you have multiple point-of-view narration, create a timeline for each character and ensure they fit in neatly for your transition point. Frequently Asked Questions How Do You Write A Timeline Story? To write a timeline story you need a clear three-act structure which includes details about your protagonist\'s age, your setting(s), and your key plot points.  What Are Time Markers In A Story? A timeline is constructed based on the time markers of the story. Some of the time markers are the character’s age, the setting (e.g. season, time of day), duration of the story, and the three-act structure which dictates the story\'s shape. Creating Story TimelinesThe past, present, and future don’t always come in chronological order when you\'re weaving a tale. But they don’t have to get muddled up in our minds; they can be structured sequentially, if not chronologically.Many writers find that creating a story timeline helps keep their plots clear, their character arcs solid, and their narrative structures strong.No matter what writing stage you\'re in, having clarity on your story timeline will help you stay on top of the game.  

When I think of falling action, I think of all of the scenes in Gladiator that come after Maximus Decimus finally has his revenge on the new emperor (warning Gladiator spoilers ahead!) Maximus stabbing the emperor is the undoubtable climax- his long sought revenged is finally reached. Many important things happen after this; we still see his inevitable demise and a number of important scenes follow; yet these scenes are no longer part of the story\'s climax.The scenes that follow, despite being dramatic in their own right, are slower and more satisfying, they lead us to the conclusion of the story. The main climactic moment has already occurred, which means that all of those scenes that follow are part of the falling action.  A story\'s falling action is the action that occurs immediately after the big climax has taken place and the action shifts towards resolution instead of escalation. The action is now no longer rising, instead it is now falling and taking us (the viewer/reader) onwards to the end of the journey. In short, it is everything that comes after the important questions have been answered.  In this guide you will learn how to better identify falling action and how to write it. Once you read this article you will be able to define falling action, understand the role it plays in story structure, and know the difference between falling action and rising action.Let’s dive in!  What Is Falling Action? Falling action in a story is, simply put, the action that comes immediately after the important climax has taken place. Note that some films or books might seem to have multiple climaxes (like in the Lord of the Rings finale where they seem to come one after the other.) However, there is usually one important main climax, which the rising action has been leading towards.Keep in mind, though, that exciting things can still happen after the climax (like the volcano erupting in Lord of The Rings) and those scenes are still part of the falling action. All falling action leads to the story\'s resolution and the tying up of loose ends of the plot.  How Does Falling Action Fit In With Freytag’s Pyramid?  It’s hard to talk about falling action without talking about German author Gustav Freytag, who, through the illustration of his (Freytag’s) pyramid, argued that all stories can be reduced to one basic plot structure which consists of five stages: exposition, rising action, climax, falling action and dénouement.  Let’s break these down.  1. ExpositionThe story starts with exposition, which breaks down the information the reader will need in order to understand the story best.Who is this story about? Who is the main character? Who is the antagonist? What is their world like? What are their key relationships? What are the stakes? What is the time period? What are all the relevant details?Once this is all established and the reader is invested, the inciting incident typically occurs in the story, which then moves things on to the rising action. 2. Rising ActionWhen the rising action hits, the plot usually quickens and starts to (as the name suggests) rise towards the climax. The tension in rising action will typically grow from scene to scene as plot developments lead us through the story and upwards to the grand climax. No matter how complex or unique a story is, it\'s likely to have rising action.  3. ClimaxThe climax is arguably the most important part of the story, though each part of Freytag’s pyramid is significant in its own way. A climax will tackle the story\'s central conflict, answer its main question, and will serve as the main turning point for the story.Typically, it’s when the hero reaches their destination, or when they finally confront the villain. As the pyramid/plot diagram suggests it is the peak of the story - the action will no longer rise, and the stakes will not get higher from here. Once the story reaches the climax, the action will head towards resolution in the form of falling action.  4. Falling ActionAs discussed throughout the article, falling action refers to all the scenes/plot points that come after the climax and lead to a resolution and the final “after” snapshot.  (Refer back to the first heading for a more detailed falling action definition.)Few stories skip falling action completely, but if you\'re writing a series of books, especially if they\'re in a genre which is rife with major conflict and plot twists, you may decide to leave some loose ends. In this case, it might be that your protagonist gets closer to solving the obstacles presented by the story\'s main conflict, which gives readers some satisfaction, but a few unanswered questions remain. This means your readers will have some closure, but will also be eager to read the next instalment of your series.5. DénouementDénouement is often confused with falling action and to be honest it’s easy to confuse the two. Dénouement is the very last bit of the story which shows the final resolution. It’s not so much the unthreading of plot lines that the falling action is but rather dénouement is the final say on how everything has been resolved. In Lord Of The Rings, it would be showing Frodo happily back in the Shire. Dénouement can also involve a tragic resolution too where things don\'t work out as well as your protagonist had hoped.Dénouement hints at what’s to come, and show us how everything has changed for the main character and secondary characters and it leads us to the story\'s end.The Difference Between Falling Action And Rising Action The key difference between rising and falling action is that rising action follows an upward trajectory where it escalates in intensity in order to reach the climax. Falling action should, like its namesake, follow a downward trajectory and aim to give the viewer/reader relief from the climax.  Let\'s explore the importance of falling action.Why Is Falling Action Important?  Falling action is important because if you ended a story on a climax there would be no emotional relief for the reader/viewer. The story, whether sad or happy, would have no satisfying end or closure. You’ve spent all this time getting your reader excited and invested; you cannot then just leave them at the peak.  The main reasons to include falling action in literature are as follows:  Ties up loose ends, especially in relation to the main conflictFalling action serves the reader\'s curiosity, giving them satisfaction and closure It provides extra time for a closing statement of themes and the core message  Wraps up side-storylines, or the stories of multiple characters  It gives the story time to wind down so you can head towards your closing image with purpose and intent Examples Of Falling Action  Falling action can take many forms (in terms of style, format, genre etc). Here are five falling action examples from literature and film:  The Hunger Games By Suzanne CollinsIn The Hunger Games, the falling action is everything that comes after Katniss wins the games. The main plot has been addressed and the action moves towards the resolution. Dénouement would be the scene that shows her life long after the Hunger Games have ended. Harry Potter And The Sorcerer’s Stone By J K RowlingIn Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, the falling action happens once Harry faces Voldemort. The time after that spent in the infirmary, and the house cup and all that follows is falling action. TitanicIn the film Titanic, the climax would be the Titanic sinking and Jack and Rose being stranded. Once Jack passes and Rose decides to use her last morsel of energy to get the whistle, the falling action begins. Dénouement would be the very final scene when the old lady drops the necklace into the ocean.  A Christmas Carol By Charles DickensIn A Christmas Carol, the falling action occurs after Scrooge wakes up and realises that he is still alive, and it is still Christmas, and that there\'s still time to change his trajectory. Everything that comes after this with him fixing all his wrongs is part of the falling action.  Matilda By Roald DahlIn Matilda, the climax occurs when Miss Trunchbull is vanquished. Matilda skipping grades and Miss Honey’s life returning to normal is the falling action. Miss Honey becoming Matilda’s new guardian once her family has left for Spain could be considered dénouement, as it shows us Matilda’s new normal, and what her life is likely to look for the foreseeable future. How To Write Falling Action  The three steps to writing falling action are as follows:  Identify all of the loose ends you would like to wrap up, arrange them in order of importance and in a descending pattern, (i.e. the action should be calmer and not rising.)  Consider the pace of the overall story in order to decide how your falling action should fit and how much room it will occupy on the page. Tip: make a checklist of the storylines /plot points/ jokes you would like to see wrapped up and tidied, and then check things off once you have included them in the falling action.  Loosely plan out your story structure so that you know roughly what the falling actionwill entail.  Once you know which beats you want your falling action to hit and in which order, and once you are clear on which plot points should be concluded, then you can draft the falling action just as you would any other section of your book or screenplay.  Frequently Asked Questions  Let’s address some of the most asked questions when it comes to falling action. What Is A Falling Action?  Falling action is everything that takes place immediately after the climax. The purpose of falling action is to bring the story from climax to a resolution. It is one of the key elements in any story which will usually include an exposition, rising action, climax, falling action and denouement.  How Do You Identify A Falling Action?  In order to identify falling action try asking yourself the main plot point of the story, then identify when that plotline is resolved (i.e. when the hero finally confronts the villain), once you are able to identify the climax you can identify the falling action. Remember the falling action will usually revolve around resolution and de-escalation of the previous action, and will follow a downward spiral.   What Is The Difference Between Dénouement And Falling Action?  Dénouement is the final part of a story which usually shows you a glimpse into the main character\'s new normal. Like in the case of Matilda, dénouement often gives the viewer a snapshot of what’s in store for the MC in the future (Matilda will now happily live with Miss Honey).  Dénouement is usually much shorter than the falling action. It’s often a commentary on the future of the world in the book as well, similar to an epilogue, a dénouement will explain where the world you\'ve created, and your story\'s characters, will go from here. Falling ActionIt’s very important for writers to focus on their falling action and to really flesh it out in the perfect way for their narrative. It isn’t something to be overlooked or skipped. When keeping in mind falling action, you can refer to Freytag’s pyramid and try to visualise the way you first expose your story and the important details.Then imagine the line going upwards with your rising action and try to pair that with emotions- first the reader is intrigued with your exposition and details of the story, then they should be excited and nervous with your rising action, the climax should hit hard and heavy and be the peak of the storyline, then the reader should feel a sort of detangling of threads with the falling action. Falling action should bring with it a sense of closure and relief.  

If you\'re a writer who wants to move on to the next stage of your writing journey, there\'s no better time to set a writing goal than right now.Don\'t wait to make new year\'s resolutions, or until you reach a certain age, or when you have free time (you never will) - NOW is the time to set smart goals and progress with your writing journey.But where do you start?In this article, I\'ll demonstrate how to get a goal-setting process in place and how to create measurable goals, and I will provide you with a few examples of how each one can be achieved.Are you ready to become a better writer?Time to work towards that finish line!Why Writers Need A Writing GoalWhen writing a book, very few writers have the luxury of both time and a regular income to support them while they pen their bestselling novels. Most of us have to juggle a day job, childcare, and other constraints that get in the way of creativity and butt-in-seat writing.This is why we all need an actionable goal to strive for.It doesn\'t matter whether you enjoy writing poetry for fun, are looking to enter your short stories into a competition or two, or whether your ultimate aim is to be a full-time novelist, writer, or journalist - if you want to write, you need to get those words down on paper.But life isn\'t always that easy. Creativity can\'t be easily switched on and off... but, like anything, you CAN train yourself to be more productive.Different Types Of Writing GoalsEvery writer has a goal. For some of us, it\'s simply to get back to the book we put in the metaphorical drawer a year ago, for others it\'s to write five-hundred words a day or to get an agent.Whatever your writing dreams, no matter how big or small, every writing goal is achieved via small steps- smaller goals- that all lead to your final big dream.Let\'s take a look at three different types of writing goals.Long-Term GoalsMany writers aim towards having a writing career.That can look very different for every person; from becoming a full-time, self-published author, to getting a great traditional book deal, or (like me) doing a bit of both alongside freelance and corporate writing.In order to complete a writing project, the first thing you need to do is establish all the manageable steps you need to achieve in order to reach your end goal.Larger goals, for example writing two books a year, can\'t be achieved overnight. But smaller ones, such as writing 2,000 words a day, can be done quite easily.See below for a 10-step guide to achieve just that!Finding MotivationPerhaps it\'s not getting words on paper, or monetary success, that you are aiming for.For many writers, their goals revolve around finding the focus and ideas they need to better their writing.Ideas don\'t come to everyone out of the blue; many people have to actively take the time and make the effort to think up their next great idea.Others may be experiencing writer\'s block or imposter syndrome and struggling to get back into the flow of writing again.Setting a goal of coming up with ideas, plotting, and planning is just as important as getting the words on paper.Time-Bound GoalsFor other writers, it\'s not writing skills or ideas that are getting in the way of achieving their goals - it\'s simply finding the time to make a dent in their manuscript.Writing within a tight time frame can put a lot of pressure on writers, especially those signed to a multi-book deal with agents and editors awaiting their next piece of work.In this guide, we will also be looking at how to manage your time and make enough space in your week to reach your goals.Specific Writing GoalsOr perhaps you have a very specific writing goal.Regardless of your writing process, many writers have writing goals outside of their planned books that they wish to also fulfil. Perhaps it\'s to write their first screenplay, win an award, write more short stories, or simply achieve a better work/life/writing balance.Whatever your writing goal is, the following steps should help you understand where you are heading and how to get there in a manageable way.10-Point Step-By-Step Process For Setting Writing GoalsAnything is achievable if you plan for it!I have written thirteen novels and four manga stories in the last eight years, all while freelancing part-time, emigrating, and raising two children. And the only way I managed to get anything done was by setting goals.But setting a writing goal isn\'t simply telling yourself you will write a novel in the next six months. That is a big goal (and, for most, unrealistic).The secret is to set smaller goals, ones that are easier to achieve, and bit by bit reach your main goal.For example, in August 2021 I promised myself I was going to finish a new book, find an agent, and get a decent book deal. All of which I managed to do. But, much like setting any other goals in life, I had to approach them in a methodical way.Here\'s my 10-point step-by-step process:1. Decide What Your Overall Goal IsWhat\'s your big goal?To have a finished manuscript? To find an agent? Or to have a career in writing full-time?Spend time thinking about this, because no matter how large your ambitions it\'s important to know in which direction you are heading.2. Set Realistic GoalsNext... be realistic.It\'s okay to have a lofty goal, as long as you don\'t beat yourself up when you don\'t achieve it overnight.The secret to success, any success, is setting smart goals.In this case, start with how long it will take you to plot your novel. Then set time aside to write it (I wrote mine quickly during NaNoWriMo - a free initiative that helps writers meet their word count and get their first draft completed in a month).You may decide to write 1,000 words a day, spend two hours an evening planning your book, or write every Saturday. Whatever you decide, make sure it\'s achievable and fits in with your life.3. Find A SystemThe next step is to keep track of your small steps (that will eventually lead to bigger steps).I like to use a notebook, others create charts or graphs in a bullet journal, an Excel spreadsheet, or download an App that will keep track of their day-by-day progress.4. Pace YourselfThis part is important. Steady wins the race!Big goals are great, but going too fast too quickly increases your chances of burning out or losing interest. Ensure your goal is a measurable goal, ie. aim for the same thing regularly (words written, time spent, agents approached) and take it step-by-step.To do that it helps to...5. Be AccountablePersonally, I love to go on Twitter and start an accountability thread. I also tell my other author friends that I plan to finish the first draft of my latest book by so-and-so date.I\'m sure no one really cares - but feeling as if people have expectations of me really spurs me on. Likewise, when I co-write with other authors, we keep one another accountable. If I tell my co-author I will have 2,000 words with her tomorrow, I won\'t let her down.So, see what (and who) keeps you on your toes!6. Reward Yourself Each Step Of The WaySet a daily goal... and a weekly reward.Perhaps you colour in a square for every 1,000 words written and when you hit certain milestones you buy yourself a gift.Or you buy a box of chocolates but you can only eat one every 5,000 words.Or, as I do, simply bask in all the applause on Twitter as you announce that you have hit your weekly word count.7. Don\'t Lose HopeAll your goals are achievable as long as they are realistic and you stick to them, but often that steady pace can feel like you aren\'t getting anywhere.Much like when trying to stick to a healthy eating regime or training for a marathon, just because you miss a day of writing doesn\'t mean you should pack the whole lot in.Be kind to yourself!Create goals that are manageable, and if circumstances change then adjust your writing goals so they are easier to meet.8. Eyes On Your Own PageIn a world where we are bombarded with news of successful authors, or even our own peers announcing good news on social media, it\'s too easy to convince ourselves it will never be us.Believe me, there are enough writing opportunities out there for anyone and everyone who has the skills, passion and perseverance!So don\'t worry about what other writers are doing, what they are achieving, and what they are shouting about. Keep your eyes on your own paper - you only have yourself to compete with!9. Be ProudReaching the end of a chapter may not big a big achievement for one author, yet it may be a huge pat on the back for another. So be proud of yourself, no matter what goal you set yourself.When you get to the end of that first draft, even if it\'s really rough, you should celebrate. When you land an agent, get a book deal, or simply complete a writing course and better your craft - take a moment to look back and take note of how far you have come.Because with every goal met you are heading in the right direction!10. Set A New GoalAnd finally, once you have achieved your goal, set other goals. Yep, more goals. New goals!Look at the specific goal you started with- your big dream- then treat each smart goal you set as a stepping stone to the final big one.With each step forward, with each goal you meet, you are getting closer and closer to the big one!3 Things You Need To Meet Your Writing GoalsA Support NetworkIt\'s nigh on impossible to achieve anything in life without a support network; especially being an author.Writing can be a lonely and frustrating business. Unlike other jobs, you are rarely in an office, rarely working as a team, and your hard work (and even perceived success) is rarely reflected in your earning potential.The only way to keep going without losing hope is to have people around you who are in the same boat as you.There are many writing communities online and in person. Here\'s a list of ways to find other writers who are also trying to meet their writing goals:Join a Facebook writing groupJoin a local writing groupGet active on the #writingcommunity Twitter hashtagShare your work on Wattpad and other free platformsAttend writing festivalsJoin writing communities (such as Jericho Writers\' Townhouse)Subscribe to writing magazines and take part in competitionsBe RealisticTo reach your writing goals you also need to have a strong grasp of reality.If you\'ve never written a novel before, you\'re unlikely to write a great first draft in three months (like an established author may do). And that\'s okay.If you have four children and work full time you\'re less likely to find the time and energy to write every day. You\'re still doing great.If you are mentally or physically struggling, you will have some days where you can\'t hit your word count. Not a problem.Also, the publishing industry is highly subjective and not a meritocracy. It doesn\'t matter how good you are, how hard you try, and how much you really want to be a published author - if agents and publishers don\'t think your book is what the public wants right now it won\'t get snapped up.Likewise, even published authors have no control over what publishing advance they get, how many copies of their books are sold, or whether their readers even like their books. All you can focus on are the words and how good they are!So remain pragmatic and, before setting your goals, be honest with yourself as to how many words you can really manage in a day or a week, and don\'t feel like a failure if it takes longer than planned.Patience & KindnessTo be a writer that stays the course you need to be kind to yourself, which also means being patient.Believe me, as someone who has regular breakdowns and is currently in her second year of keeping a publishing secret, you really need to learn to go with the flow.So whether you are starting out as a writer and feel like your first writing project is going too slowly, or you\'re an established author trying to set new goals, be patient and give yourself a break.You deserve no less.Frequently Asked QuestionsWhat Are Some Smart Goals For Writing?The secret to setting effective writing goals is to decide what matters to you. Are you simply looking to finish your story? Or do you need to motivate yourself?The smartest way to set your goals is to evaluate what your current life looks like and see where you can fit in more writing.There\'s no point telling yourself that you must write 3,000 words a day if you work all day and study all night because you will forfeit rest and that will be counterproductive. So...Look at your life and see what will be manageable and when.Block time off per day (or week) to write/plan/plot/query/network (whatever you need to do) and stick to it.Let others in your life know what you are doing so they can support you.Reward yourself when you hit your milestones.Be flexible and kind to yourself if you don\'t reach them.How Do You Write Good Goals And Objectives?Keywords: Choose a verb like \'increase, decrease, maintain\' to help you set an overall goal. Such as \'increase my daily word count from 1,000 to 1,500 per day\'.Process: Create a system that works for you - whether that\'s a chart you fill in, a notebook you keep notes of your progress in, or an app that charts your success.Target: Specify the exact steps you need to take to achieve your goals.Deadline: Set a date for your goals so that you have something to strive for (and something to celebrate when you achieve it).And Finally...Keep going!Setting goals can be exhausting, and addictive, but ultimately they get you to where you need to be.It may take a year, it may take ten, it may take a lifetime... but while you are hitting small deadlines and achievable goals you are forever moving forward.And it\'s that constant forward momentum that brings hope, opportunity and - eventually - success!

As readers, we want stories to keep us intrigued and excited. So as fiction writers, we often ask ourselves what makes a book unputdownable.The answer to that is ensuring your story is full of twists and turns - in other words, are there enough compelling turning points in your story to keep readers guessing and turning the pages?Every character in fiction reaches a decisive moment where they are forced to act - a crossroad which is destined to take the story in a new direction. But what is the best way to introduce those moments to your story and where do you place them?In this guide, I will be explaining what the turning point of a story is, with plenty of literary examples, and will outline a step-by-step process to help you incorporate turning points in your novel.What Is A Turning Point In A Novel?A turning point in a story is a moment in the plot when a character must make a decision that will change the course of the story.Every turn involves decisive change and either helps with character development or keeps the story moving. The choices the characters in your story make will change the direction of the plot and, in turn, their future.Sometimes that decision is theirs alone, and sometimes external factors or events may force their hand. Every turning point in a story - whether it\'s an obstacle, a choice or a decision - should be a point of no return.Case StudyBefore you start coming up with your own ideas, it helps to study well-known stories as examples. Let\'s focus on a fun classic.The Wizard of Oz is full of turning points. Dorothy is on a literal journey, after all, and that yellow brick road is full of twists, turns and crossroads. No matter how much a character tries, they mustn\'t be able to go backwards.After all, had Dorothy been able to return to Kansas as soon as she\'d landed in Oz, there would be no story!Meeting the Witch of the North, being given her ruby slippers, following the yellow brick road, meeting her new friends, having to steal the Wicked Witch of the East\'s broomstick, getting trapped in the castle, discovering that the wizard isn\'t real - these are all turning points in the story.Some of these moments create character development, some move the plot forward, and some add to the tension - but either way... there\'s no way back... so let\'s keep going.How Does The Turning Point Affect The Whole Story?If a turning point in your book doesn\'t effect the whole story, then it\'s not a turning point - it\'s just a choice.The first and major turning point in most books is the inciting incident; what some writers refer to as \'the call to adventure.\'If we return to Oz, we will see that Dorothy\'s main turning point is that she\'s been magically transported from her mundane life on a Kansas farm to the colourful and magical world of Oz.The original movie version makes that turning point incredibly helpful for viewers to spot as they literally turn her old black and white life into technicolour splendour.Arriving in a new world, having accidentally killed a witch with her house, and then agreeing to follow the yellow brick road in order to return home is the major turning point in the story. Without that there is no story.Much like in The Wizard of Oz, you need to ensure that the turning points in your novel affect the overall story. If, at any point, the character can make a different choice or the event has no effect on character arcs, then it\'s not a turning point.How Many Turning Points Are In A Novel?A traditional story has five turns, most of which move the action from one scene to another.First of all, let us look at the three-act structure and how a story has a beginning, middle and end (and how the turning points can help readers move from one to the other).Every Story Has Three ActsAct OneIn act one we meet the main character and the rest of the cast. We see what life was like before the inciting incident (ie what they have to lose or need to change). We then see the character presented with the first turning point - the crux of the story - the catalyst.In The Wizard of Oz, act one ends with Dorothy finding herself in the fantasy world of Oz. The tornado that got her there was an external driving force and a turning point. Straight away she wants to go home (who wouldn\'t?) and that\'s when she meets a good witch and is told about the yellow brick road.The choice to follow the yellow brick road is Dorothy\'s call to adventure, her literal first step on her journey to reach her goal.In any story, after some deliberation, the main character must choose to go forward with that decision and that takes them to act two.This takes you to a complete change of scene.Act TwoAct two is when most of the action happens. This is the part full of adventure, trials and tribulations, the biggest obstacles, new characters, conflict, and lots of lessons learned.Within act two we should see turning points that confront the protagonist and help their character arc develop.In Dorothy\'s case, she meets the cowardly lion, the scarecrow with no brain, and the tin man with no heart. She has scary run-ins with the Wicked Witch of the West, and, when she finally reaches the Emerald City, discovers that the wizard is a fake.This is another turning point, which leads us to the next act...Act ThreeThe final act is when all feels lost and the goal of the story is slipping through the protagonist\'s hands. Then the hero makes a decision which should be the culmination of all they have learned on their journey, helped by their self-realisation and a new-found strength.This is when Dorothy has to escape the witch and kill her, tells her friends they always had the courage, brains and compassion they were seeking, and realises she also had the power to go home all along.Now we can clearly see how a story has three acts, let\'s look at the five turning points within those acts (and remember this applies as much to novel writing as it does to screenplays and playwriting).Five Classic Turning Points:1. The Inciting IncidentThis is the first plot point. Without this part, there would be no story.Dorothy lands in Oz, meets a good witch and takes the dead witch\'s red shoes.2. A GoalThis is the whole point of the story, the part when the hero decides what they want and what they must do to get it.Dorothy must follow the yellow brick road to the wizard in order to get home.3. The MidpointThe hero goes from knowing what they want, to realising what they need. They may, and should, still waver and struggle a little, but we\'re heading towards the climax and all is going well.Dorothy has finally found the wizard! He tells her that to get home she must steal the Wicked Witch\'s broomstick. She heads for the castle... and gets captured.4. The Dark Night Of The SoulThis is where the bad guy gets the upper hand and our hero reaches rock bottom - when they (and the reader) think they will fail. The falling action.It\'s at this point that we reach the \'final push\' when the hero must dig deep and use all their strength, knowledge and resources gathered on their journey to take action.Dorothy sees a vision of her Aunt Em and finds the strength to get back home.5. The ClimaxThis is the final plot point which leads to the falling action and then the very end (the denouement). This is the part of the story where the turning point decides whether the hero wins or loses.Dorothy returns to the wizard, discovers the truth, and realises her ruby slippers could have gotten her home at any point.Without that last turning point, the story would not be complete.What Makes A Good Turning Point?Although the above is quite formulaic, the turning point can happen at any time in the story.The most important thing to remember is that the turning point changes everything - whether it literally changes the direction the hero is going in, provides a new perspective, reveals crucial information, or changes the trajectory of the story.Before we learn what a turning point should include, let\'s look at the type of turning points that exist.Here are five turning points that you may find in a good story.5 Different Types Of Turning PointsEvery single one of these turning points either moves the plot forward, teaches the hero something, or develops their character arcs. And don\'t forget - there\'s no going back!Here are some examples...The OpportunityMost stories start with an opportunity (often the inciting incident) which leads to a turn in the story.Harry discovers he\'s a wizard and gets invited to wizard school.Frodo is tasked with taking the ring to Mordor,The RealisationThe hero learns something, or they figure something out, which forces them to make a decision.Romeo falls in love with Juliet then realises she\'s a Capulet.Dorothy discovers that her shoes could have gotten her home all along.The SacrificeThe main character sacrifices themselves to achieve their goals or save someone they love.Katniss volunteers for The Hunger Games in place of her sister.Ariel gives up her voice to become human.The Leap Of FaithOur hero takes a gamble and hopes it pays off.Cinderella goes to the ball.Macbeth meets three witches and believes their predictions.The ChoiceThe protagonist has an opportunity to change their situation.Aladdin rubs the lamp.Pi jumps into the lifeboat with all the wild animals.What A Turning Point Should AchieveMost stories include a number of major turning points which affect the rest of the story, keep the reader intrigued and drive the plot forward.But what are the rules to writing great turning points? What should they achieve?It Must Fit Into The StoryAll turning points should be relevant to the plot of the story.For example, the hero shouldn\'t choose to chase an elephant and ride into town on its back unless the elephant, and the town, are crucial to the storyline (even if it makes for a fun visual).The Character Should Be ChallengedDon\'t make it easy for them. All main characters need to confront obstacles and face pinch points that will determine their future and move the story along.The Little Mermaid wouldn\'t be much of a story if she got her human legs but also kept her voice and was able to easily explain her situation to the prince.Changes The Course Of The PlotEvery story needs conflict.That doesn\'t mean every story needs a battle or fight scene; the conflict can be emotional or spiritual, but the hero needs to find resistance. Which means every story turn must change the course of the action and move the plot forward.If Romeo hadn\'t agreed to go to the party, he wouldn\'t have met Juliet. If he hadn\'t killed her cousin, he wouldn\'t have been banished. If he\'d received the message from the priest he would have known she was faking death and he wouldn\'t have taken his own life.Keeps The Reader HookedIt\'s the sweet irony and frustration of twists and turns in a story that keeps the reader turning the pages and the viewer in their seat.The highest tension leads to decisions and choices that drive the plot forward and deepen the hero\'s experience.If a turning point doesn\'t lead to excitement of some kind, then the reader won\'t care... and nobody wants that!What\'s The Difference Between A Turning Point And A Plot Twist?One changes the course of a story (a turning point) and the other is a reveal/shock factor (a plot twist).Here are some examples from Romeo And Juliet...A turning point can be a plot twist: Romeo discovering Juliet is a Capulet.You can have a twist that isn\'t a turning point: Tybalt kills Mercutio.And a twist can lead to a turning point: Romeo gets his revenge, kills Tybalt, and is banished from Verona.See how you can combine the two and keep the pace of the story going, without having so many twists and turns that you exhaust the reader or lose credibility.What\'s The Difference Between A Turning Point And The Climax?A good turning point can be found at any point of the story, whereas the climax is only ever at the end. The climax itself doesn\'t have to be a turning point, often it\'s a natural conclusion, although you can have a turning point leading up to the climax that changes everything.As mentioned above, the \'will they won\'t they\' aspect of Romeo And Juliet keeps the audience guessing all the way through.The climax is Romeo learning that his love is dead and killing himself, with the added twist of Juliet waking up, seeing he\'s dead, and killing herself too.But the final turning point is that the grief felt by both the Montages and Capulets brings the warring family together in a way love never could.That\'s what makes this play not a love story, but a tragedy.5 Tips For Writing Great Turning PointsIt Must Be Earned By The CharacterDon\'t make the turning point convenient for the plot. The hero must reach the point of no return through hard work, sacrifice and character building determination.Katniss has to be physically and mentally strong to beat her opponents in The Hunger Games. Her realisations are turning points, but she suffers a lot to reach them.It Develops The Character ArcA character doesn\'t grow and develop in just one scene. Their journey needs to be both physical and metaphorical.Ensure your turning points help the characters learn something about themselves - by the end of the story they should be a very different person to the character in chapter one.Frodo doesn\'t return to the Shire the same little Hobbit he was when he left the comfort of home with his best friend.Think AheadYour turning point has to weave the story together, so it makes sense to plot and plan ahead. Ask yourself how your hero is going to get from one part of the story to the other.Give them a goal, send them on a journey, decide how they will achieve that goal - then add all the turning points that will decide the course of the story.Don\'t worry about the details at this point of plotting, simply ask yourself whether they need to make a choice, a sacrifice, learn something new, or realise something.Don\'t Force ItAlthough each turning point should up the stakes and keep readers on the edge of their seats, never force a turning point into a scene if it doesn\'t fit.Great pacing means also having quiet moments in a story where nice things happen and everything is going to plan, as well as sections full of rising action, obstacles and decisions.As long as you know your character well and they have a goal, some of the turning points may evolve naturally as you write the novel.No Turning BackI\'ve said it once, and I shall say it again - there should be no way the character can return to the old status quo!Cinderella doesn\'t have the choice to have a quiet night in instead of going to the ball; her Fairy Godmother wouldn\'t have allowed it. Romeo has no choice but to leave Verona when he\'s banished. And Katniss can\'t change her mind about taking part in The Hunger Games.Your story can only go in one direction after each turning point... and that\'s onwards!Frequently Asked QuestionsWhat Is A Turning Point Example?A turning point in a story is a moment in time when something occurs that causes a shift or an irrevocable change in direction.In literature, that turning point may be a call to adventure, a choice they are given, a sacrifice they make, a realisation or a decision.What Is The Turning Point In A Scene?A turning point in a story can occur at any moment - whether that\'s within an act, a chapter, or a scene.In any story, the change from one scene to another is often caused by a change in direction (this can be seen visually on stage or in a movie).A great example of this is when Alice falls down the rabbit hole, the scene (and her surroundings) change dramatically. Or when Charlie wins the golden ticket and visits the chocolate factory - a completely different world to the one he was familiar with. Or when Romeo decides to join his friends at the Capulet party - again, the scene changes and so does the course of his life.In most of these cases it\'s a transitionary moment from act one to act two, but that scene change can occur at any point of the story with many other turning points ahead.What Is The First Turning Point?The first turning point is the inciting incident.This is the part of the story where the hero goes from living their normal existence to setting off on a quest/adventure/seeking a goal following a choice or external occurrence that forces them to step into a whole new world. This new world isn\'t always literal- unless you\'re writing fantasy- but it is generally outside of their comfort zone.It\'s this initial push, that first turning point, and gets the story going.Your TurnAs novelists we are always striving to be better writers, because there is always something new to learn when it comes to structuring and planning a novel. So I hope this guide to turning points has been helpful.Next time you are reading a book, or watching a movie or play, see if you can spot each turning point. Are they all irreversible? Are they believable? Do they develop the character? Have they kept you glued to the page/your seat?If so, ask yourself how you can strengthen your own story and what journey you will take your character on.After all, without turning points your hero\'s journey is going to be one very long, straight, and boring road... and where\'s the fun in that?

 Engaging your readers is probably your most important job as a writer. You could be telling the most original, heartbreaking or funny tale ever written, but if your reader isn’t engaged, they will cast your characters and their journey aside.Luckily we are able to break down storytelling into its simplest form - plot points - and once you have mastered these, everything else should fall neatly into place.  As writers, we know that every story needs a structure, and there are many variations of story structure out there, but it’s the plot points that will pull your readers in and keep them engaged until the final page.   This guide will talk you through the importance of plot points and how you can ensure your writing uses them well. I will walk you through the differences between each of them one at a time and show you how to use them. So let’s get started! What Is A Plot Point?A plot point is a moment in your story that impacts the character or the direction of the story in some way. It’s a major turning point. It’s a door that once your character has walked through, there is no going back.Plot points are what give your story momentum, moving the story forward and taking your reader with it.  A plot point is defined as ‘a particularly significant part of a plot of a work of fiction.’ Even if your novel is quiet or literary, don’t ignore the importance of your structure. A plot point can be used as a device to shock your reader, to send them in a direction they didn’t see coming, or it can be a gentle nudge. Either way, it must form part of your character arc.  The Importance Of Using And Identifying Plot PointsI’m sure we’ve all read books that have felt a bit flat on the page or even a little disjointed. These are the ones you are likely to have put down and we don’t want that for your novel. By breaking your story down into its basic plot points you will be able to see where the action comes from; or doesn’t, in some cases.You want to ensure that what is happening in a particular part of the story is more interesting than what has come before it. This gives your story momentum. Each plot point should bring more complication, more driving force, and get the reader invested in its resolution. And each plot point links your story, creating that narrative arc that is needed.A novel that is connected with events that happen as a result of what has come before is one that your readers will love. Unconnected events will put your readers off.But more importantly, events and major turning points in the story must all grow out of the character’s desire. This is where plot points differ from your overall plot.  So now we know what a plot point is, let’s dive a little deeper. Plot Points Vs PlotPlot points are key moments in your story that relate specifically to your protagonist and their individual journey. The plot, on the other hand, refers to a series of events that connect together to make your overall story. The plot also encompasses multiple characters, themes and subplots.  Let’s have a look at an example of plot vs plot point. In Me Before You by JoJo Moyes we see the burgeoning relationship between Lou and Will - it is central to the plot. But the relationship itself is not a plot point.Instead, if we take the moment when Lou moves in with her boyfriend and she quickly realises that she doesn’t love him, this is a plot point. This is Lou walking through that metaphorical closed door and taking her journey in a different direction. It takes her closer to Will, which in turn will lead to her awakening and embracing the opportunities that life might bring. This is a perfect example of great plot point events linking together and creating a character arc. Now let’s look closely at each plot point in turn. The Key Plot Points In A Basic Story StructureThere are so many versions of basic story structure out there, but most are just a variation of the following, and all hold the same principles at their heart. Using a standard three-act structure, here I will break down each element that your story requires to engage and propel your readers.  HookThe hook is something that is unique to your story, your story world, and your characters, and is usually made clear to the reader in the opening scenes. A hook must grab their attention and make them want to read on.  First Plot PointThe first major plot point, also known as the inciting incident, is the moment that throws your character’s status quo into disarray. It’s a calling or a threat that takes them down a path they wouldn’t otherwise have taken, and so ahead lies a rocky road of uncertainty and discovery for your character. First Pinch PointAt this point in your plot, your character will likely face a decision as a result of the first plot point, usually in the form of a dilemma that they will react to.In most cases, your character will still be reacting to what is happening around them, but this plot point will lead you into act two where your character will learn more about themselves. It is also referred to as the awakening. MidpointThis is one of the most crucial points for your character. The midpoint is where your character changes in such a way that there is no turning back for them. They stop reacting and start acting - they have agency. It is their moment of enlightenment. Final Pinch PointHere, the stakes will be raised for your character as they respond to their newfound agency. Things likely won’t be going to plan for them but this pressure point will force them to form a new plan that will lead into your final act as we climb that insurmountable hill towards the climax. This is also known as their death experience, where they leave their old self behind. Final Plot PointAlso known as the ‘all is lost’ moment, the final plot point will show your character having tried and failed in their quest. But you couldn’t possibly leave your character there! This is their moment to transform. And so on we go into their final try - into the climax. ResolutionThis is where you bring your story full circle - climax, realisation and resolution. Your character may have won, or they may have lost. But importantly, they will have changed and grown. To test this, simply ask yourself - if I took this character as they are now and put them back at the beginning of the story, would they do everything the same? You need the answer to that to be absolutely not! Plot points, as shown above, are the catalyst for change in your character. And this is exactly what your readers are here for. Plot Point Examples: We Have Always Lived in the Castle by Shirley JacksonI’m going to use one of my all-time favourite novels to demonstrate these key plot points in action. We Have Always Lived in the Castle by Shirley Jackson falls more into literary fiction where plot points can be harder to recognise, but let’s give it a go… HookShirley Jackson is a bit of a master and she hooks you from paragraph one with this amazing opening: My name is Mary Katherine Blackwood. I am eighteen years old, and I live with my sister Constance. I have often thought that with any luck at all I could have been born a werewolf, because the two middle fingers on both my hands are the same length, but have had to be content with what I had. I dislike washing myself, and dogs, and noise. I like my sister Constance, and Richard Plantagenet, and Amanita phalloides, the death-cup mushroom. Everyone else in my family is dead. We Have Always Lived in the Castle by Shirley JacksonAre you hooked? We learn so much about this strange narrator in this paragraph and she leaves us with that killer, nonchalant final sentence. As readers, we need to know everything about this girl.   In the opening chapters, we learn that Merricat (Mary’s nickname) lives with her sister, Constance, and her sick Uncle Julian. The rest of Merricat’s family were poisoned and Constance was tried for their murders but found innocent.Everything about this story centres around the conflict in Merricat to keep herself and Constance hidden from the rest of the world. She wishes the locals dead and she would happily remain in the safety of their home and grounds for the rest of her life.  First Plot PointTwo women visit the house for tea and suggest to Constance that she reenters the world.  This is the inciting incident. Constance is open to this idea and everything that Merricat is trying to preserve is threatened.  First Pinch PointTheir cousin Charles arrives at the house and Constance lets him in.  Charles is a very real threat to Merricat and her world. Constance is drawn to him and he convinces her that she has done wrong by hiding the family away. Merricat asks him to leave, but he refuses. MidpointMerricat tips Charles’ smoking cigar into the trash can in his bedroom, setting the room on fire. This is the moment Merricat acts rather than reacts.  Final Pinch PointWhen the fire is extinguished, the locals attack the house, breaking everything inside.  They surround the sisters and only stop their attack when it is announced that Uncle Julian has died. Merricat and Constance escape to the creek, where they finally acknowledge that Merricat poisoned their family. This is Merricat’s ‘all is lost’ moment. It looks like her actions have led to the destruction of the thing she is trying to preserve the most - her home and sanctuary.  Final Plot PointMerricat and Constance return to what is left of their home.  They board up their home, entombing themselves in its burnt shell. The locals, in their guilt and fear, bring food each day and leave it at their door. ResolutionThe sisters are safe and happy in their home having rejected the outside world. I am doing this novel a disservice by reducing the climax to one line because there is so much more nuance on the page, but ultimately Merricat has got what she wanted - she has isolated herself and Constance from the world. She no longer needs to leave home for groceries and face the abuse of the locals. She is alone with the sister she loves and who accepts her despite knowing what she has done. Her final line says it all: ‘Oh Constance,’ I said, ‘we are so happy.’ How To Use Plot Points In Your WritingYou will have read so many stories in your lifetime that it is likely you are already aware of how plot points are used, even if just subconsciously. All stories contain them, no matter how literary or experimental. But spotting them and understanding them is what will elevate your writing. As mentioned earlier, the most important thing about plot points is the relevance they have to your main character. They must be linked to your character’s motivations and desires, their wants and needs, and their overall change. Spend time thinking about this before you write anything. Ask yourself these questions: How will my protagonist change?  What are they like now and what will they be like at the end? What will happen to my protagonist that will lead to that change? What are the antagonistic forces they will face and overcome? For a real deep dive into plot points and character arcs, I would definitely recommend Inside Story: The Power of the Transformational Arc by Dara Marks. Without being too formulaic - because who wants to zap creativity? - plot points can act as a great template on which to write. They are signposts on your writing journey.Figuring out your main plot points, and deciding when your plot points occur, at the outlining stage is definitely the easiest way.I’m a pantser, but I will always hold these key moments and turning points in my head (or write them down if I am feeling wild!) as I am drafting.As you\'re writing, having some idea of what your next plot point will be can be really helpful, as it gives you something to build towards and can lessen the amount of writer\'s block you experience.Frequently Asked QuestionsWhat Is A Plot Point In A Story?A plot point is a moment in your story that impacts your character or the direction of the story in some way. It links directly to your character arc, giving them conflict to overcome on their journey to enlightenment and change. What Is A Plot Point Example?A plot point example from Jojo Moyes\' Me Before You, is when Lou moves in with her ‘safe’ boyfriend before realising that she doesn’t love him. This pushes her closer to Will who, in turn, shows her that life shouldn’t be ‘safe’ and that she should go out into the world and live it. How Many Plot Points Are In A Story?The number of plot points in a story varies, but most agree that there are seven main plot points - hook, first plot point/inciting incident, first pinch point, midpoint, second pinch point, second plot point, and resolution. Plot Point CraftingPlot points are key to engaging your readers. They are also key to achieving both narrative and character arcs. Think of each plot point as a bolt linking one part of your story to the next and you will take your readers on an unputdownable ride that they will strap themselves in for.